to be excluded from partici- pation in development. Non- participation is one thing, but the relegation of women to spheres of activity which are essential to the economy but which in male-oriented soci- eties are systematically down- graded, undervalued and dis- criminated against is quite another. Discrimination against wo- men in public activities is ane tae Sat Dossnenanaaal a RE ARES SED a aS - } Kaivaten ilmoitamme etta_, | HELENA (MYLLY- SAARI) MYLLY i kuoli Sudburyn Memorial sairaalassa helmikuun 9, paiva 1982 ollen 82 vuoden ikdinen. Lahinna kaipaamaan jai- — vat sukulaiset ja Carl Koti , lehti Sudbury ssa seka veljet | ja sisaret Suomessa. Hautaus toimitettiin Lo- ugheed hautaustoimiston kautta helmikuun I1. paiva 1982 Parklawn hautaus- maahan pastor! Yrj6 Raivon suorittaessa viime palveluk- sen. AON AN ARES CERNE ee Un RS ORAS, CORIO <\ SpRCRRRREOTERR: SARE ARERR ANNA EDR RDI TE ES EES SM REO BARA UA RAIS ESR So OR ohana ev a ante Kaivaten ilmoitamme etta ~ LYYLI (PAALIMAKI) KETOLA-ROSENDAHL — _ kuoli Sudburyn Memorial sairaalassa helmikuun 9, ' paiva 1982 ollen 78 vuoden _ ikdinen, | Lahinna kaipaamaan jaivat | tyttarensd Mrs. Thomas _ '(Kerttu) Walker ja Mrs. Inja Loponen, lapsenlapset | Douglas, Debra, Sarah ja Leah, seka lastenlasten lap- set Christopher, William ja Myra ja sisarensa Mrs. Hil- da Ketola. 7 Hautaus toimitettiin Lo- ugheed —hautaustoimiston | kautta helmikuun 12. paiva 1982 Parklawn hautaus- | maahan. Viime_ palvelun | suoritti pastori Yrjo Raivio. x i i t t ae ana fo & Ba ALg certainly not limited to any one geographic area or cultural region; it occurs in both highly developed and in developed countries. Whereas in some places it is the result of long-standing cultural tradi- tions, in others it takes on more subtle psychological forms. Women in German-speaking regions have long borne the brunt of the three “K's” (Kinder, Kirche, Kuche. child- ren, church, kitchen). In many developed coun- tries where higher education and jobs have opened up for women in recent decades, it is noteworthy that women tend to concentrate in certain kinds of services which may be seen simply as an extension into the market of their domestic sphere: schoolteaching, nursing, sew- ing, food services, maintenan- ce, secretarial, entertainment and similar activities of a subordinate nature, Again. when the issue of participation is raised it is useful to analyse the types of jobs to which women have easier acce to study the social significance of these activities in particular culture. It is commonly held that equality between the sexes will be achieved when women have equal access to what has been traditionally a ‘man’s world’. Much less is said. however, about men’s equal responsibi- lity in the domestic sphere, the implication being that women will continue to cover that area as their own special domain, in addition to their new achieve- ments, Obviously, the issue is more complex than simply exchang- ing sex-roles, a process whichin many societies is staunchly resisted not only by men but by numerous women as well, and which runs counter to many of the basic cultural values that children learn at home and at school. The long term improve- ment of the status of women in society must needs imply a social definition of the domestic support economy and of the under- . functions of the family insti- tuion. The fact that this issue is scarcely mentioned when the ‘integration of women in de- velopment’ is proclaimed, simply shows that the domestic economy is still very much ‘hidden’ from public percept- ion. Before the growth of the modern urban industrial socie- ty, the large or extended family was the basic social institution, the fundamental economic unit of production and consumption, It had many social functions: education, security, care for the ill and the aged, solidarity, community integration, among others. Most of the needs of its members could be satisfied within the family structure. In many parts of the world this is still the case, particularly in the rural areas of the Third World countries. Indeed. perhaps a majority of the world’s families are of this kind. However, with the in- dustrial revolution came a basic cleavage between outside economic activities and family life, Other specialized institu- tions, both public and private, took over many of the functions formerly dealt with by the family. And whereas the men- folk became basically involved in these institutions, the women stayed behind to take care of what remained of home and household, In the urban-industrial so- ciety the old concepts relating to family structure are no longer pertinent, and women are torn between the two roles. that complex society holds up to them as a model: home on the one hand, career on the other. The position of women in so- ciety will definitely improve if oy and when the family is able to redefine its own functions and when the hidden domestic economy 1S brought out into the open and dealt with on an equal plane with, say, the production of foodstuffs or the energy problem. ) Recent years have witness- ed the growth of academic in- coun try ma y VEROILMOITUKSET * aed vy ~~ v. 1981 kuntoon ajoissa! Yksityiset, yksityisyrittelijat ja liikkeet. Maanantaista perjantaihin klo 10-10. Lauantaina klo 10-3. PUHELIN 488-1801 MARK TUOQMOLA 191 Eglinton Ave. East, huone 206 men. In a number of countries ‘women’s studies’ have achiev- ed university status as special courses are taught or research centres are organized. To be sure, this is not only the result of scientific concerns. Women’s studies are more or less closely related to women’s organiza- tions for political and civic action, in other words, to the ever widening movements in favour of women’s emanci- pation. These studies have provided much important new knowledge about the situation of women in different societies, and are creating everywhere a new awareness, mainly among women themselves, about the issues at hand. Yet itis precisely their very success which should sound a note of caution. As was suggest- ed above, the problems of wo- men can not be isolated from those of the general evolution of the economy and the society, with which they are deeply en- meshed. By underlining the specificity of women’s studies, is there not a danger of isolating them from the general social fabric of which they are a part? To be sure, a middle class urban housewife in an industrialized have much in common, aS a woman, with a peasant mother in the Third World. But is not the former more closely linked to the problems of her own particular society and the latter to the destiny of peasantries the world over? The new academic discip- line of ‘women’s studies’ cannot afford to lead a ghetto existence in isolation from the necessarily interdisciplinary approach which is required to fully comprehend the social and economic problems of women in different cultures. This new and exciting field of research ALUMIIKIMIESTEN HUOMIOON | Halutaan ostaa aluminium si-- ding scarp (romua) paivan kor- | keimpiin hintothin, Rehellinen | | punnitus, | HOUSE OF METALS 45 Commercial Rd. Toronto 17. Leaside Kolme korttelia etelaan Eglin- -tonista, itéan Laird Drivesta. Pulh: 421-1572 HAUTAUSTOIMISTO 100 mailin sdteella toimitetaan ilman lisdmaksua. $ Hautaukset Sudburysta PUHELIN 673-9595 PUHELIN 673-9595 252 Regent St. South un ku ASN CS SNA ; PR EE Sy eB S am es RS Re Se Re = SESE RR EES SR EE and analysis is an important step in laying bare the multiple and complex problems of hte ‘ivisible’ woman in the con- temporary world. ERILAISET TILAISUUDET TORONTO Toronton Ikinuorten Finlandia kuoron harjoitukset joka torstai klo 11 a. p. Uudetja entiset laulajat. tervetuloa kuoroon! Ikinuorten voimistelu- ja tanhuharjoitukset Don haalilla torstaisin klo 10 a.p. CSJ:n Toronton osaston saan- tomaarainen vuosikokous Don haalilla 957 Broadview Ave. sunnuntaina, helmikuun = 21. paiva 1982. alkaen kello ! ilta- paivalla. Sunnuntaina = maaliskuun 14, paiva kello 12.30 iltapai- valla tarjoillaan haalilla maukas laatikkopdaivallinen. TERVETULOA! CANADA NL-SEURA jar- jestaa filmitilaisuuksia perjan- taisin seuran huoneustossa 280 Queen St. W. Toronto, alk. klo 8 illalla., Elokuvat ovat joko englan- ninkielisia tai -tekstilla varus- tettuja. Tulkaa ajoissa — ra- joitettu tila! CANADA NL-SEURA 977-5819. CANADA NL-SEURAN mat- katoimisto: CANSOV 596-1323 280 Queen St. W. Toronto, Ont. SUDBURY SUDBURYN SEURA- KERHON vikottaiset harjoi- tus- ja ajanvietetilaisuudet Ju- bilee Centre, entinen Finnish haali), joka tiistai, alkaen klo 10 ap. Uudet jasenet tervetulleita Kerhomme toimintaan! Savel kuoron harjoitukset torstaisin, Aika aina mdaaritel- ladn tilanteitten mukaan. Enti- set mukaan ja uudet ovat myoskin tervetulleita. THUNDER BAY [kinuorten kokoukset haa- lilla, 316 Bay St. joka kuu- kauden ensimmainen ja kolmas keskiviikko, alk. klo 1.30 ip. ‘Kaiku kuoron harjoitukset joka sunnuntai kello 1 ilta- paivalla. Tervetuloa uudet ja entiset laulajat! CSJ:n osaston kokoukset joka kuukauden toinen lauantai klo 1.30 ip.